Abiotic Stress Management for Resilient Agriculture - krishi icar (PDF)

Abiotic Stress Management for Resilient Agriculture 1 2  Paramjit Singh Minhas • Jagadish Rane Ratna Kumar Pasala Editors Abiotic Stress Management for Resilient Agriculture 3 4 5 6 7  Editors Paramjit Singh Minhas National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Indian Council for Agricultural Research Baramati, Maharashtra, India Ratna Kumar Pasala ICAR National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati, Maharashtra, India Jagadish Rane National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Indian Council for Agricultural Research Baramati, Maharashtra, India AU1 ISBN 978-981-10-5743-4 ISBN 978-981-10-5744-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5744-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017953015 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30  v Foreword The global agriculture production has undergone drastic changes in recent years and is being seriously limited by various abiotic stresses. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) revealed that by 2020 there could be a decline of agricultural yields of up to 50% in some countries in Africa as a result of climate change and variability. Moreover, a number of edaphic stresses, including chemical (nutrient deficiencies, excess of soluble salts, salinity, alkalinity), physical (high susceptibility to erosion, steep slopes, shallow soils, sur- face crusting and sealing, low water-holding capacity, impeded drainage, low struc- tural stability, root restricting layer, high swell/shrink potential) and biological (low or high organic contents), have also emerged as major challenges for the production of crops, livestock, fisheries and other commodities. This book addresses the management of soil-related abiotic constraints, stresses in drylands, heavy metal toxicities, salinity, water logging, high temperature and drought tolerance and also presents mitigation strategies for immediate on-farm solutions with a special emphasis on approaches based on specific and potential plant bio-regulators for enhancing crop and water productivity in semi-arid regions. Special emphasis has been given to contextualizing the strategy for improving crop adaptations to climate change, biotechnological tools for improvement of tolerance and abiotic stress management in major food grains, commercial horticulture and vegetable crops and their production. This book also highlights livestock and their nutritional management during drought, mitigation options for GHG emissions from ruminants and mitigation of climatic change effects for sheep farming in arid environment. Overall, this volume covers a wide range of subjects that provide the readers a way forward in abiotic stress management to enable more productive agriculture. I congratulate the editors for compiling this publication that will add to a greater deal to the global understanding of and implications for not only food security worldwide, but also for the socioeconomic conditions of communities affected by climate change and management of abiotic stress for resilient agriculture. ICAR T. Mohapatra Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110 001, India AU2 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62  vii Preface Several transformative changes, such as the growing population, changing life- styles, expanding urbanization, accelerating land degradation, and climate change- induced abiotic stresses, are threatening the future food and nutrition security especially in low-income countries. The abiotic stress factors emerge mainly due to drought, extreme temperature (heat, cold chilling/frost), and floods in addition to edaphic settings, leading to chemical (ion/nutrient deficiencies/toxicities), physical (high erosion, hard pans/shallow soils, surface sealing/impeded drainage), and bio- logical (low/high organic contents) constraints; these abiotic stress factors are also intrinsically linked to the production of crops, livestock, fisheries, and other com- modities. Only 9% of the world’s agricultural area is conducive for crop production, while 91% is afflicted by abiotic stresses which widely occur in combinations. While losses extending to more than 50% of agricultural production occur due to abiotic stresses, their intensity and adverse impact are likely to amplify manifold with climate change and overexploitation of natural resources. Fragile agroecosys- tems like the dryland areas are highly vulnerable to their disastrous impact. Thus development of a strategic framework for inclusive, sustainable, and innovation- led agricultural growth is essential for these harsh agroecosystems afflicted by abiotic stresses. Multidisciplinary and holistic approaches to manage the stressed environments should aim at characterization of abiotically stressed environments; reoriented, novel, and scaled-up natural resource management (NRM) technologies for stress mitigation; improved adaptation to stressed environ- ments; and task-oriented capacity building. Augmentation, integration, and promo- tion of the best available tools, approaches, and technologies should involve investments and incentives for breeding protocols, regional networks for exploring synergies, and dynamic policy support. Therefore, this book is an assemblage of 24 chapters by 68 experts in the area of abiotic stress tolerance/management, natural resource management, and strategic program of building resilience in crop, live- stock, and policy implementation. Up-to-date of advances and prospects for under- standing stress environments, adaptation and mitigation options in crops and animal husbandry, and policy support for abiotically stressed agroecosystems have been attempted. State-of-the art account of the information available has been synthe- sized in terms of challenges, scope and opportunities, coping strategies, and man- agement of abiotic stresses using novel and new tools for resilient agriculture. Some of the chapters present management approaches for tackling specified stresses like AU3 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97  viii edaphic constraints, stresses in drylands, heavy metal toxicities, salinity, waterlog- ging, high temperature and drought tolerance, and mitigation strategies for immedi- ate on-farm solutions with a special emphasis on bio-regulators. It is anticipated that this book will provide a practical update on our knowledge for improving management of abiotic stresses for resilient agriculture and allied sectors under changing global climate change conditions. This book establishes a set of principles based on current understanding on abiotic stresses and will be use- ful for different stakeholders, including agricultural students, scientists, environ- mentalists, policy makers, and social scientists. We are extremely thankful to all the contributors for their efforts in providing comprehensive and cogent reviews. Baramati, Maharashtra, India Paramjit Singh Minhas Jagadish Rane Ratna Kumar Pasala Preface 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111  ix About the Editors Dr. Paramjit Singh Minhas has about four decades of diversified research experi- ence on management of natural resources. His main contributions include soil-water-plant interactions in saline and other edaphically harsh environments and the development of management strategies for deficit irrigation, use of low-quality waters, salinity afflicted and shallow basaltic soils for raising the production poten- tial of crops, orchard/forestry plantations. By holding key research management positions in the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (viz., project coordinator, All India Coordinated Project on Management of Salt-Affected Soils and Use of Saline Water in Agriculture; assistant director general, integrated water manage- ment; director of research, Punjab Agricultural University; assistant director gen- eral, Soil and Water Management; and director, ICAR-National Institute on Abiotic Stress Management), he has demonstrated leadership skills in formulating and implementing research programs and providing vision and direction. His research endeavors have been recognized with several awards like Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award, Swami Pranavananda Sarswati Award in Environmental Science and Ecology, Jain-INCID Krishi Sinchai Vikas Puraskar in 2005, Hari Om Ashram Trust Award, the CSSRI Excellence Award on Soil Salinity and Water Management, Su Kumar Basu Award, and the 12th International Congress Commemoration Medal. He is a fellow of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Indian Society of Soil Science, and Punjab Academy of Sciences, associate editor of Agricultural Water Management (Journal by Elsevier, the Netherlands), and a member of the editorial board of Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. Dr. Jagadish Rane Principal Scientist and Head of School of Drought Stress Management at ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIASM). He started his research carrier at ICAR-Indian Institute on Wheat and Barley Research in 1993. In 2007–2011, he led a plant phenotyping team for the evaluation of gene technology to improve drought tolerance in upland rice at International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). He has organized multi-location experi- ments across India to understand the plant traits and genes for resilience to abiotic stresses. He has established a plant phenomics platform and developed prototypes of low-cost phenotyping tools for field evaluation of germ plasm. He has standard- AU4 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143  x ized protocols for various screening procedures (viz., transgenic events in biosafety, identification of water-efficient genotypes, etc.). Dr. Ratna Kumar Pasala Senior Scientist dealing with plant abiotic stress physi- ology at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, and a member of the editorial board of plant science journals and reviewer of many international and national journals. He has research experience in plant stress functional biology at ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIASM) and International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). His major research expertise is in plant stress physiology and plant bio-regulators for the mitigation of abiotic stresses through redox-mediated mechanism. He is a recipient of R.D. Asana Gold Medal Award and Young Scientist Fellowship Award by FAO. About the Editors 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154  xi Contents Part I Advances and Prospects for Understanding Stress Environments 1 Abiotic Stresses in Agriculture: An Overview ..................................... 3 Paramjit Singh Minhas, Jagadish Rane, and Ratna Kumar Pasala 2 Atmospheric Stressors: Challenges and Coping Strategies ............... 9 Santanu Kumar Bal and Paramjit Singh Minhas 3 Agriculture Drought Management Options: Scope and Opportunity..................................................................................... 51 Jagadish Rane and Paramjit Singh Minhas 4 Edaphic Stresses: Concerns and Opportunities for Management ..................................................................................... 73 Paramjit Singh Minhas Part II Adaptation and Mitigation Options 5 Soil-Related Abiotic Constraints for Sustainable Agriculture ........... 97 S.S. Kukal, G. Ravindra Chary, and S.M. Virmani 6 Developments in Management of Abiotic Stresses in Dryland Agriculture .......................................................................... 121 Ch. Srinivasarao, Arun K. Shanker, and K.A. Gopinath 7 Heavy Metal Toxicities in Soils and Their Remediation ..................... 153 Arvind K. Shukla, Kulasekaran Ramesh, Ritu Nagdev, and Saumya Srivastava 8 Current Trends in Salinity and Waterlogging Tolerance ................... 177 Parbodh C. Sharma, Arvind Kumar, and T.V. Vineeth 9 Impacts and Management of Temperature and Water Stress in Crop Plants .............................................................................. 221 Kiruba Shankari Arun-Chinnappa, Lanka Ranawake, and Saman Seneweera 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181  xii 10 Plant Bio-regulators: A Stress Mitigation Strategy for Resilient Agriculture ........................................................................ 235 Ratna Kumar Pasala, Paramjit Singh Minhas, and Goraksha C. Wakchaure 11 Thiourea: A Potential Bioregulator for Alleviating Abiotic Stresses ....................................................................................... 261 M.P. Sahu Part III Crop Based Mitigation Strategies 12 Improving Crop Adaptations to Climate Change: Contextualizing the Strategy ................................................................. 277 S. Naresh Kumar 13 Biotechnological Applications for Improvement of Drought Tolerance ............................................................................. 299 Monika Dalal and T.R. Sharma 14 Managing Abiotic Stresses in Wheat .................................................... 313 V. Tiwari, H.M. Mamrutha, S. Sareen, S. Sheoran, R. Tiwari, P. Sharma, C. Singh, G. Singh, and Jagadish Rane 15 Breeding Rice Varieties for Abiotic Stress Tolerance: Challenges and Opportunities .............................................................. 339 Vishnu V. Nachimuthu, Robin Sabariappan, Raveendran Muthurajan, and Arvind Kumar 16 Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Barley ........................................................ 363 A.S. Kharub, Jogendra Singh, Chuni Lal, and Vishnu Kumar 17 Sugarcane Crop: Its Tolerance Towards Abiotic Stresses .................. 375 A.K. Shrivastava, A.D. Pathak, Varucha Misra, Sangeeta Srivastava, M. Swapna, and S.P. Shukla 18 Abiotic Stress Management in Fruit Crops ......................................... 399 R.H. Laxman and R.M. Bhatt 19 Impact of Climate Change on Vegetable Production and Adaptation Measures ..................................................................... 413 Prakash S. Naik, Major Singh, and J.K. Ranjan Part IV Mitigation Options in Animal Husbandry 20 Nutritional Management: Key to Sustain Livestock in Drought-Prone Areas ......................................................................... 431 N.P. Kurade, B. Sajjanar, A.V. Nirmale, S.S. Pawar, and K.T. Sampath Contents 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217  xiii 21 Mitigation Options for GHG Emissions from Ruminants ................. 443 Raghavendra Bhatta and P.K. Malik 22 Mitigation of Climatic Change Effect on Sheep Farming Under Arid Environment ...................................................................... 455 S.M.K. Naqvi, Kalyan De, Davendra Kumar, and A. Sahoo 23 Challenges and Opportunities in Abiotically Stressed Agroecosystem ........................................................................................ 475 K. Palanisami, T. Mohanasundari, and Krishna Reddy Kakumanu 24 Inculcating Resilience to Agriculture Under Abiotically Stressed Environments: Way Forward ................................................................ 493 Paramjit Singh Minhas, J. Rane, and Ratna Kumar Pasala Index ................................................................................................................ 513 Contents 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229  xv Contributors S.K. Bal ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, India R.M. Bhatt Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Raghavendra Bhatta ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Arun Chinnappa Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia Monika Dalal ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, New Delhi, India Kalyan De ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India K.A. Gopinath ICAR – Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana, India A.S. Kharub ICAR-Indian Institute on Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India Krishna Reddy Kakumanu International Water Management Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India S.S. Kukal Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Arvind Kumar South Asia breeding Hub, International Rice research institute, ICRISAT Campus, Hyderabad, Telengana, India Davendra Kumar ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India Vishnu Kumar ICAR-Indian Institute on Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India AU5 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256  xvi N.P. Kurade ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, India Chuni Lal ICAR-Indian Institute on Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India R.H. Laxman Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India P.K. Malik ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India H.M. Mamrutha ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India Paramjit Singh Minhas ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Bramati, Pune, India Varucha Misra ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India T. Mohanasundari Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Raveendran Muthurajan Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Vishnu V. Nachimuthu South Asia breeding Hub, International Rice research institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Ritu Nagdev ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India P.S. Naik ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India S.M.K. Naqvi ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India S. Naresh Kumar Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India A.V. Nirmale ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, India K. Palanisami International Water Management Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India A.D. Pathak ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India S.S. Pawar ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, India Contributors 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292  xvii Kulasekaran Ramesh ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Lanka Ranawake Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Ruhuna, Sri Lanka Jagadish Rane ICAR- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, India J.K. Ranjan ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Ratna kumar Pasala ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India G. Ravindra Chary ICAR-Central Research Institute Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India Robin Sabariappan Center for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India A. Sahoo ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India M.P. Sahu Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India B. Sajjanar ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, India K.T. Sampath ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India S. Sareen ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India Saman Seneweera Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia Kiruba A. Shankari Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia Arun K. Shanker ICAR-Central Research Institute Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India P. Sharma ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India Parbodh C. Sharma ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India T.R. Sharma ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, New Delhi, India Contributors 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328  xviii S. Sheoran ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India Arvind K. Shukla ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India S.P. Shukla ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India S. Siddiqui ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India C. Singh ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India G. Singh ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India Jogendra Singh ICAR-Indian Institute on Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India Major Singh ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Ch Srinivasarao ICAR–Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India A.K. Shrivasatva ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Sangeeta Srivastava ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Saumya Srivastava ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India M. Swapna ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India R. Tiwari ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India V. Tiwari ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India T.V. Vineeth ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India S.M. Virmani Indian Resources Information and Management Technologies Ltd. (INRIMT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India G.C. Wakchaure ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, India Contributors 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363