GROWTH MINDSET - Transforming Education (PDF)

This is a working document and we welcome your feedback. To offer comments or suggestions, please e-mail us at [email protected] This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. GROWTH MINDSET Sample Strategies Growth mindset is the belief that you can grow your talents and abilities with effort. Students with a growth mindset see effort as necessary for success, embrace challenges, learn from criticism, and persist in the face of setbacks. i They might ask the teacher to demonstrate a different way to solve a problem, volunteer answers in class even when unsure, or seek out challenging problems. For a more detailed description of growth mindset, click here.ii Transforming Education has developed a toolkit to help educators learn more about growth mindset. The toolkit includes a more detailed explanation of growth mindset, video clips summarizing the supporting research and capturing students’ own experiences related to growth mindset, as well as a variety of strategies that teachers can use to help students develop a growth mindset. To download the Growth Mindset Toolkit, click here.iii STRATEGIES FOR SUPPORTING STUDENTS’ GROWTH MINDSET Below is a list of strategies that can be integrated into any curriculum and adapted for various grade levels. These approaches can encourage students to use effective learning strategies, exert effort, embrace challenges, and persist through difficulties. Focus on process over product. Emphasize process and perseverance by posting students’ work in progress, instead of only finished products, so that students can see how work evolves with effort and feedback.iv “Be a detective.” Nurture a culture that tolerates risk and mistakes by portraying challenges as fun and exciting, while portraying easy tasks as boring and less useful for the brain. When students initially struggle or make mistakes, use it as an opportunity to learn how to try different strategies if the first ones don't work—how to step back and think about what to try next, like a detective solving a mystery.v Embrace mistakes as part of the learning process. Communicate your growth mindset goals by writing your students a letter about how mistakes are opportunities to learn.” See this example of a teacher’s welcome back letter.vi Set high expectations. Communicate high learning expectations in your classroom by using phrases from Mindset Work’s helpful Growth Mindset Framing Tool.vii Talk up strategies and efforts. Use targeted language that focuses attention on students’ strategies and efforts, rather than results. Doing so conveys the belief that consistent effort leads to desirable results and encourages students to persist and pursue greater challenges. For example, “You got a great score! You must have worked hard to figure out those problems,” or, “Tell me about the different strategies you used to get to that answer.”viii Refer to this Growth Mindset Feedback Toolix for helpful language frames to encourage students along the way. The Struggle is Good. Normalize struggle as part of the learning process and emphasize reflection by modeling and guiding student learning through a think-aloud. Watch this videox for ideas on targeted strategies.  This is a working document and we welcome your feedback. To offer comments or suggestions, please e-mail us at [email protected] This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Try a Different Way. When students initially struggle or make mistakes, use that as an opportunity to teach students how to try different strategies if the first ones don't work. Invite them to step back and think about what to try next. For example, “You tried to rework this sentence, but you still need more colorful detail to bring your story to life. Can you find a book that might give you ideas? Think of a book that helps you paint a picture in your mind.” I Believe You Can. Use wise critiquesxi when providing feedback to your students, pre-empting each feedback statement with the following: “I’m giving you these comments because I have very high expectations and I know that you can reach them.” Effective Effort. Work with students to assess their perceived level of learning and effective effort by using this Effective Effort Rubricxii as their guide. Have students rate themselves first. Then, have a discussion about how you both rated the student’s effort. Establish working goals about how the student can improve. GRADE-SPECIFIC STANDALONE LESSONS & ACTIVITIES Below is a list of standalone lessons about growth mindset, categorized by grade levels. However, keep in mind that all the lessons are adaptable for students of different grade levels than those indicated. Elementary School • Teach students about the importance of trying new and challenging things here.xiii • Assign mindset-related writing prompts here.xiv Students’ journal entries can help you and them see whether and how their mindsets shift over time. • Explore a video series with accompanying activities about learning to have a growth mindset by visiting The Mojo Show’s Growth Mindset website.xv • Explore the difference between a growth and a fixed mindset using The Day The Crayons Quit for a guided discussion here.xvi Middle School and High School • Discuss an article about brain research with your students. The article can be found here.xvii Have students write a letter giving advice to a friend who is struggling based on what they learned from the article. • Help students develop a growth mindset by learning about neuroscience. Watch this 2-minute videoxviii together to guide your discussion. • Study a novel about learning from loss and overcoming adversity. See this list for sample books.xix • Explore a growth mindset lesson plan developed by Khan Academy & PERTS here.xx  This is a working document and we welcome your feedback. To offer comments or suggestions, please e-mail us at [email protected] This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Growth Mindset: Additional Readings & Resources Readings Videos Websites & Other Learning Tools • Even Geniuses Work Hard: Strategies for Developing a Growth Mindsetxxi • The Power of Mistakes: Creating a Risk-Tolerant Culture at Home and Schoolxxii • Students’ View of Intelligence Can Help Gradesxxiii • Develop A Growth Mindset in High School Students – Practitioner Briefxxiv • ‘Growth Mindset’ Gaining Traction as School Improvement Strategyxxv • The Atlantic’s “How Praise Became a Consolation Prize”xxvi • Celtics' Brad Stevens Discusses a Growth Mindsetxxvii • Growth Mindset Read-Aloud Books & Teacher Readingsxxviii • Mindsets for the 21st Century and Beyondxxix • What We Know About Growth Mindset from Scientific Researchxxx • Interview on Growth Mindset with Carol Dweck and Greg Waltonxxxi • TEDx Talk on Mindsets and Successxxxii • Carol Dweck’s TED Talk on the power of believing that you can improvexxxiii • MindsetKit’s Professional Learning Seriesxxxiv • TransformEd’s Growth Mindset Toolkitxxxv • A detailed definition of Growth Mindset from Carol Dweck’s Mindsetxxxvi • MindsetKit.org’s “About Growth Mindset”xxxvii • Find an online board with these growth mindset strategies and other resources online at: www.bitly.com/TE_GMstrategies  This is a working document and we welcome your feedback. To offer comments or suggestions, please e-mail us at [email protected] This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. SOURCES i Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Dweck, C. S. (2007). Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: A longitudinal study and an intervention. Child development, 78(1), 246-263. ii Transforming Education (2014). Introduction to Growth Mindset. iii Transforming Education (2014). Growth Mindset Toolkit. iv Dweck, C. (2010). Even Geniuses Work Hard: Strategies for Developing a Growth Mindset. Educational Leadership, 68(1). v Dweck, C. (2010). Even Geniuses Work Hard: Strategies for Developing a Growth Mindset. Educational Leadership, 68(1). vi Mindset Works (2016). Welcome Back Letter. vii Mindset Works (2016). Growth Mindset Framing Tool. viii Mindset Works (2017). Teacher Practices: How Praise and Feedback Impact Student Outcomes. ix Mindset Works (2016). Growth Mindset Feedback Tool. x Teaching Channel. Encouraging Students to Persist through Challenges. xi Stanford SPARQ. Wise Critiques Help Students Succeed. xii Mindset Works (2016). Effective Effort Rubric. xiii Maria B. (2015). Growth Mindset (Kindergarten). Mindset Kit. xiv Rhonda M. (2015). Mindset Assessments (Journal Writing in 2nd Grade). Mindset Kit. xv Class Dojo. Growth Mindset. xvi Growth vs. Fixed Mindset Lesson. xvii Mindset Works (2016). You Can Grow Your Intelligence. xviii PERTS (2015). Explain the Neuroscience. Mindset Kit. xix Ward, R. (2017). Young Adult Novels that Teach a Growth Mindset. Edutopia. xx Khan Academy & PERTS. Growth Mindset Lesson Plan. xxi Dweck, C. (2010). Even Geniuses Work Hard: Strategies for Developing a Growth Mindset. Educational Leadership, 68(1). xxii Blackwell, L. (2018). The Power of Mistakes: Creating a Risk-Tolerant Culture at Home and Culture. Mindset Works Blog. xxiii Trudeau, M. (2007). Students’ View of Intelligence Can Help Grades. NPR Morning Edition. xxiv Developing a Growth Mindset among High School Students. National Center on Scaling Up Effective Schools Practitioner Brief. xxv Sparks, S. D. (2013). ‘Growth Mindset’ Gaining Traction as School Improvement Strategy. Education Week. xxvi Gross-Loh, C. (2016). How Praise Became a Consolation Prize. The Atlantic. xxvii Colannino, A. (2016). Celtics’ Brad Stevens Discusses a Growth Mindset. Mindset Works. xxviii Pervorse (2015). Growth Mindset Read-Aloud Books and Books for the Teacher xxix Dweck, C. (2016). Mindsets for the 21st Century and Beyond. Education Plus Development. xxx Romero, C. (2015). What We Know About Growth Mindset from Scientific Research. Mindset Scholars Network. xxxi Character Lab. Growth Mindset. xxxii Briceno, E. (2012). The Power of Belief – Mindset and Success. TEDxManhattan Beach. xxxiii Dweck, C. (2014). The Power of Believing that You Can Improve. TED Talks. xxxiv PERTS (2015). 5-Session Professional Learning Series. Mindset Kit. xxxv Transforming Education (2014). Growth Mindset Toolkit. xxxvi Dweck, C. (2010). What Is Mindset. Mindset. xxxvii PERTS (2015). About Growth Mindset. Mindset Kit.