Performance ;Case study of First year Students at MMUTO. (PDF)

ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺠﻟﺍ People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research MOULOUD MAMMERI UNIVERSITY OF TIZI OUZOU ﻭﺯﻭ ﻱﺰﻴﺗ_ ﻱﺮﻤﻌﻣ ﺩﻮﻟﻮﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ FACULTY OF LETTERS AND LANGUAGES ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH ﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻉﺮﻓﻹ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧ Field of Study: English Language Option: Language and Communication Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master’s Degree in English Title: Title : The Effects of Time Management on Students ’Academic Performance :Case study of First year Students at MMUTO. Presented by: Supervised by: BOUAROUR Fatma Pr .FODIL Mohamed Sadek Board of Examiners: Chair: PR .Ameziane Hamid ,professor ,UMMTO. Supervisor: PR. FODIL Mohammed Sadek, Professor, UMMTO. Examiner: BENAISSA Amal, MCA , UMMTO June , 2018 N° Ordre :   I Dedication To my beloved family To all my friends To all my teachers and my classmates . fatma  II Acknowledgment I would like to thank the following people who in many ways contributed to this piece of work. First and foremost ,I am profoundly indebted to my supervisor PR. FODIL Mohammed Sadek for his patience ,inspiration ,constructive criticism and encouragement throughout the development of this Master Dissertation. Deepest gratitude and appreciation go to the broad of examiners who devoted time to examine our work. It would be ungrateful not to express my deepest thankfulness to all the teachers of the Department of English at MMUTO specially to Mr. AOUINE and Mr. Khelifa who accepted to answer my questions and who have been generously helpful in the insight providing to my work. Special thanks go to the participant students and teachers in the study whose help and understanding was crucial to complete the present work .  III Abstract The study is mainly concerned with the effects of good or bad time management on students ’academic performances . More precisely, it attempts to investigate the extent to which time management can affect first year students ’ Academic performance . It adopts Jeremy Wright’ ‘pickle jar theory’ . To conduct this study , a mixed research method was adopted .It combines both qualitative and quantitative techniques in relation to data collection and Descriptive Statistical Method and Qualitative Content Analysis in relation to data analysis . The data are drawn from one hundred questionnaire(100) distributed to the first year students on 21th and 22th march 2018 in the department of English at MMUTO.And a structured interview conducted with four (4) teachers working at MMUTO. The findings revealed that first year students do not use time management strategies and they also showed up the factors inhibiting students ‘use of time management such as procrastination , time constraint and social network . Moreover the results shed a light to the relationship between time management and students’ academic performances. On the basis of the findings ,it is concluded that time management affect students academic performance. Key words : Time Management, Academic Performance ,Procrastination  IV List of Abbreviations  H:Hypotheses  Q:Qestion  QCA: Qualitative Content Analysis  MMUTO : Mouloud Mammeri University  V List of Symbols  X : The calculated percentage .  Z : The value of the similar answers  Y : The total number of the participants  %:percentage  Rule of three: X� ����� �  VI Liste of Figures Figure 01:Strategies for Time Management…………………………………………………11  VII List of Tables Table 1: Defintion of Time Management………………………………………………… 25 Table2:Factors inhibiting Students from being Good Managers ….…………………… 29  VIII List of Diagrams Diagram 2: Students ’Perception of Time Management …………………………….. … 27 Diagram 3: Frequency of Students ‘Use of Time Management Strategies …………… .. 27. Diagram 4: Frequency of Students ‘Procrastination …………………………………… ... 28. Diagram 5: Students ‘Opinion toward Time Management and Academic Performance Relationship …………………………………………………………………………… 28 Diagram 6: . Time Management Phase ……………………………………………………31. Diagram 7:Students’ Opinion toward Time Management ……………………………….. 31 Diagram8:Students ’Frequency Use of Time Management Schedule and to do List …… 31 Diagram9 Students’ Tendency to Complete Tasks ………………………………………. 32 Diagram10:Students ’Tendency to work on a Long Term Assignment ………………......... 32 Diagram 11: Students ‘Different Ways to do a Homework ……………………………… 33 Diagram 12:Studens’Different Ways to Revise ……………………………………...34  IX Contents Dedications………………………………………………………………………………… I Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………… . II Abstract……………………………………………………………………………… .. III List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………… IV List of Symbols…………………………………………………………………………… V List of Figures..........................................................................................................................VI. List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………… VII List of Diagrams…………………………………………………………………………….VIII List of Content……………………………………………………………………………….IX General Introduction  Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………………. 1  Aims and Significance ……………………………………………………………….. 3  Research Questions and Hypotheses ………………………………………………….3  Research Techniques and Methodology ……………………………………………. 4  Structure of the Dissertation …………………………………………………………. 5 Literature Review Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………..6 1.Time Management …………………………………………………………….. ………….6 2.Covey’s Four Generation………………………………………………………………….7 3. Time Management Techniques ………………………………………………………… 8.  IXI 3.1.The ABC Technique …………………………………………………… ……………...8 3.2. Covey’s Time Management Matrix ……………………………………………………..9 3.3.Natural Laws Technique………………………………………………… ………………9 4. Planning Principles for Time Management…………………………………… ………....10 4.1.Prioritization …………………………………………………… …………………... 10 4.2.Goal Setting ………………………………………………………. …………………. 10 4.3.Planning …………………………………………………………… …………………..10 4.4.Making To-Do Lists …………………………………………….... ………………….. 10 5.Strategies for Managing Time …………………………………….. ………….. …………11 6.Time Management Process…………………………………………………… ………….12 7.Time management Behaviors………………………………………………….. …………..13 8.Time Management Principle………………………………………………………………14 9.Time Management and Students’ Academic Performance …………. ……….. ………14 10.Academic Performance ………………………………………………. ……………….15 11.Procrastination …………………………………………………………… ………. 16 12.Time Constraint…………………………………………………………………………..17 13.Social Network……………………………………………………………… …………...17 14.Time Wasters…………………………………………………………… …………18 15. Theory of Time Management ……………………………………… ………………….18  IXII 15.1Pickle Jar Theory ……………………………………………………. …………... 18 15.2 Pickle jar theory steps ……………………………………………… ………………. 19 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………… ………...20 Research Methodology Introduction ………………………………………………… …… 21 1. Context and Participants of the Study …………………………………… ………. 21 2. Procedures of Data Collection ……………………………………………… ……….. 21 2.1 . Description of Students’ Questionnaire ……………………………… ……………. 22 2.2 Interview for Teachers …………………………………………………… …………..22 3.Limitations ………………………………………………………… …………………… 23 4.Procedures of Data Analysis …………………………………………………....... …….. 23 4.1. Descriptive Statistical Method ………………………………………………………. 23 4.2.Qualitative Content Analysis ………………………………………………… ……… 24 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………. …………24 Presentation of the Findings Introduction ………………………………………………………….. ………25  IXIII 1.Presentation of the Findings of the Questionnaires ………………………………………..25 1.1Background Information :participant’s Profile …………………………… ……………. 25 1.2.Definition of Time Management…………………………………………………………25 1.3.Students’Perception of Time Management……………………………… …………….. 26 1.4.Frequency of Students ’Use of Time Management strategies…………… ………….. 27 1.5.Frequency of Students’ Procrastination…………………………………… …………..28 2.Behavioral Information: Students ’Behavior toward Time management… ………….. 28 2.1.Students’Opinion toward Time Management and Academic Performance relationship……………………………………………………………………………………28 2. 2.Factors inhibiting Students from being Good Time Managers………………………….29 2.3.Time Management Phase………………………………………………… ……………. 30 3.Attitudinal Information: Students Opinion toward Time Management… ……………. 30 3.1.Students Opinion toward Time Management………………………… ……………. 31 3. 2.Students’Frequency use of Time Management Schedule and To do List……………….31 3.3.Students’Tendancy to complete a Task………………………………………………. 32 3.4.Students’Tendancy to work on a Long –Term Assignment …………………………. 32 3.5.Students’Different Ways to do a Homework…………………………………………….33 3.6.Students’Different Ways to revise………………………………………………………34 4. Presentation of the Findings of the Interview………………………………………….. 34  IXIV Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 Discussion of the Findings Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….38. 1.Students ’Use of Time Management……………………………………………………….38 1.1.Students’Opnion about the Use of Time Management Strategies…………… …………38 1.2.The Frequency of Students ’Use of Time Management………………………………... 39 1.3.Students’Use of Time Management Strategies……………………………….. ………. 39 2.Factors inhibiting Students from being Good Time Managers……………………………. 41 3. The Relationship between Time Management and Academic Performance………………43 4.Recommendations………………………………………………………………… ……… 44 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………… ………. 45 General Conclusion ……………………………………………………………. ………. 46. Bibliography …………………………………………………………………… ……… 49 Appendices Appendix 01:Qestionnairs to Students ……………………………………… ………. 56 Appendix 02:Interview with Teachers………………………………………………... 60